31. The use of traffic shaping
limit the congestion due to
surges in network traffic.
Traffic shaping is used in ATM,
Frame Relay, and other types of
networks.
32. IGMP (Internet Group
Management Protocol) is a
protocol used by IP hosts to
report their multicast group
memberships to an adjacent
multicast router.
33. LAN related protocols:
1.
IEEE 802.5 in IEEE LAN
protocol that uses token passing
access at 4 or 16 MBPS over STP
cabling and is similar to IBM
Token Ring.
2.
802.3 uses CSMA/CD.
3.
802.1 describes an
algorithm that prevents bridging
loops by creating a spanning
tree.
