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MCITP MCSE : Security Specialist GET CERTIFIED IN JUST 18 DAYS - 2003 PATH Internet Layer After the transport information is added, the data packet is passed to the Internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack. In this layer, IP adds the following header information:   The source IP address The destination IP address The transport protocol The checksum value Time to Live (TTL) information   In addition to adding this information, the Internet layer is also responsible for resolving the destination IP addresses to a MAC address. The ARP performs this resolution. The MAC address is added to the packet header and the packet is handed down to the network interface layer. Network Interface Layer The network interface layer adds two types of information—a preamble and a cyclical redundancy check (CRC)—to the packet that it receives from IP. The preamble is a sequence of bytes that identifies the beginning of a frame. The CRC is a mathematical computation that is added to the end of the frame to verify that the frame has not been corrupted. After the information is added to the frames at the network interface layer, they are merged onto the network. The frames are sent to all computers on the network.     Destination Computer When the frames reach the destination computer, the network interface layer on this computer discards the preamble and recalculates the CRC. If this value  matches the value calculated before transmission, then the destination MAC address on the frame is examined. If the MAC address is a broadcast address or if the MAC address matches that of the destination computer, the frame is passed to the IP in the Internet layer above, otherwise the frame is discarded. At the IP layer, IP recalculates the checksum and compares it with the value calculated before transmission to determine if the packet arrived intact. Then IP passes the packet to the transport protocol identified in the IP header.   At the transport layer, if the packet is received by TCP, it checks the sequence number on the packet and sends an acknowledgement back to the TCP at the source computer. Then, it uses the TCP port information on the packet to send it onwards to the appropriate application in the application layer above. If UDP receives the packet from the Internet layer, it uses the UDP port information on the packet to send it to the appropriate application in the application layer without sending an acknowledgement to the source computer. After the application receives the data, it processes it as required.