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MCITP MCSE : Security Specialist Types of Names   There are two types of user-friendly names: host names and NetBIOS names.   Host Names A host name is a user-friendly name that is assigned to a computer’s IP address to identify it as a TCP/IP host. The host name can be up to 255 characters in length and can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, hyphens, and periods.   Host names can take various forms. The two most common forms are alias and domain name. An alias is a single name associated with an IP address, such as London. A domain name is structured for use on the Internet and includes periods as separators. An example of a domain name is london.nwtraders.msft.     NetBIOS Names   A NetBIOS name is a 16-character name that is used to identify a NetBIOS resource on the network. A NetBIOS name can represent a single computer or a group of computers, but only the first 15 of the characters may be used for the name. The final character is used to identify the resource or service that is being referred to on the computer. An example of a NetBIOS resource is the File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks component on a computer running Windows 2003. When your computer starts, this component registers a unique NetBIOS name, based on the name of your computer and one character identifier that represents the component.     In Windows 2003, the NetBIOS name uses up to the first 15 characters of the host name and cannot be configured separately. Although Windows 2003 does not require NetBIOS names, previous versions of Windows require NetBIOS names to support networking capabilities.     Static IP Mapping                                When users specify a user-friendly name to communicate with a destination computer, TCP/IP still requires an IP address for transmission to occur, so the computer name is mapped to an IP address. This mapping is then stored in either a static or dynamic table. In a static table, mappings are stored in one of two text files: the Hosts file or the Lmhosts file.   The advantage of using a static table is that, because it is a text file located on each computer, it is customizable. Each user can create any number of required entries, including easy-to-remember aliases for frequently accessed resources. However, it is difficult to maintain and update static tables if the tables contain a large number of IP address mappings or if the IP addresses change often.   Hosts File The Hosts file is a text file that contains IP address-to-host name mappings.   Within the Hosts file: Multiple host names can be assigned to the same IP address. A server at the IP address 167.91.45.121 can be referred to by its domain name (london.nwtraders.msft) or by an alias (London). This allows a user at this computer to refer to this server by using the alias London rather than by typing the entire domain name.   Entries are case-sensitive, depending upon the platform. Hosts file entries for computers running Windows 2003 and Microsoft Windows NT® version 4.0 are not case-sensitive.     Lmhosts File The Lmhosts file is a text file that contains the IP address-to-NetBIOS name mappings. A portion of the Lmhosts file is pre-loaded into memory and is referred to as the NetBIOS name cache.