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MCITP MCSE : Security Specialist Identify the basic system boot sequences and boot methods, including the steps to create an emergency boot disk with utilities installed for Windows 9x, Windows NT, and Windows 2000. Startup Process Windows 95/98 ROM BIOS Bootstrap Process POST Power On Self Test routines are run. The master boot record and partition table are read. The Plug and Play BIOS checks nonvolatile random access memory (RAM) for input/output (I/O) port addresses, interrupt request lines (IRQs), direct memory access (DMA) channels, and other settings needed to configure Plug and Play devices on the computer. All Plug and Play devices found by the Plug and Play BIOS are disabled. A map of used and unused resources is created. The Plug and Play devices are configured and re-enabled, one at a time. If your computer does not have a Plug and Play BIOS, Plug and Play devices are initialized using their default settings when you start your computer. Master Boot Record and Boot Sector The master boot record (MBR) locates the boot partition by reading the partition table located at the end of the master boot record. The MBR then passes control to the boot sector in that partition, which contains the disk boot program. The boot sector copies the Io.sys file from the root directory into memory. Io.sys File Minifile allocation table (FAT) file system is loaded. Msdos.sys file is read. Starting Windows 95 message is displayed. If you have multiple hardware profiles in Windows 95, you must choose a hardware configuration to use now. Logo.sys file is loaded and displays a startup image on the screen. If the Drvspace.ini or Dblspace.ini file exists, the Drvspace.bin or Dblspace.bin file is loaded into memory. Io.sys file checks the system registry files. Io.sys file opens the System.dat file. The Dblbuff.sys file is loaded if double buffering is enabled. If you have multiple hardware profiles in Windows 95, the hardware profile you selected earlier is loaded from the registry. Io.sys file processes the Config.sys file. Real-Mode Configuration Some hardware devices and programs require that drivers or files be loaded in real-mode in order for them to work properly. Config and Autoexec are only need for backward compatibility. Config.sys file loads drivers into memory. If the Config.sys file does not exist, the Io.sys file loads the following required drivers: Ifshlp.sys, Himem.sys, and Setver.exe Windows 95 reserves all global upper memory blocks (UMBs) for Windows 95 operating system use or for expanded memory support (EMS). Autoexec.bat file loads files and terminate and stay resident (TSR) programs into memory. Win.com File and the Windows 95 Environment Win.com file is run. Win.com file accesses the Vmm32.vxd file and loads into memory. The real-mode virtual device driver loader checks for duplicate virtual device drivers (VxDs) in the Windows\System\Vmm32 folder and the Vmm32.vxd file. If a VxD exists in both the Windows\System\Vmm32 folder and the Vmm32.vxd file, the duplicate VxD is "marked" in the Vmm32.vxd file so that it is not loaded. The real-mode virtual device driver loader checks that all required VxDs loaded successfully. If not, it attempts to load the drivers again. Once the real-mode virtual device driver loading is logged, driver initialization occurs. If there are any VxDs that require real-mode initialization, they begin their process in real-mode. Vmm32 switches the computer's processor from real-mode to protected- mode. VxD initialization process occurs. After all the static VxDs are loaded, the Krnl32.dll, Gdi.exe, User.exe, and Explorer.exe files are loaded. Network Environment and Multi-User Profiles The network environment is loaded. User is prompted to log on to the network Programs in the Startup group and the RunOnce registry key are run. After each program in the RunOnce registry key is started, the program is removed from the key.